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It is recognized that many design professionals lack the necessary knowledge of construction safety and site operations to adequately design for construction safety. Fortunately, researchers, government offices and practitioners have developed tools that assist designers in designing for construction safety.
Safety researchers sponsored by the Construction Industry Institute developed over 400 design suggestions that could be used by design professionals to minimize or eliminate safety hazards in their designs. These design practices were incorporated into a computer design tool titled “Design for Construction Safety Toolbox”, which can be purchased from the CII. The design suggestions are categorized according to project components, such as project layout, structural framing, and foundations.
The Health and Safety Executive in the United Kingdom (the equivalent to the US’ OSHA) has developed several documents that help designers comply with the requirement that they design for construction safety. These documents are available on the websites shown here. http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/cdm.htm and http://www.cskills.org/healthsafety/cdmregulations/
Safety professionals in Australia have created a tool called Construction Hazard Assessment Implication Review (CHAIR). CHAIR’s goal is to identify risks in a design as soon as possible in the life of a project and considers construction, operations, and maintenance activities. This process specifies that all stakeholders review the design in a prescribed and facilitated method to ensure that the occupational safety and health issues of these stakeholders are considered in the design phase of the project.
While it is believed that these tools are practical and helpful, it is recognized that case studies are needed to verify the value of these tools and to identify ways to improve them.
CODES OF PRACTICE AND GUIDANCE FROM WORKSAFE AUTHORITIES FROM AUSTRALIA
QLD Government Guideline to the Obligation of Designers of Structures http://www.deir.qld.gov.au/workplace/resources/pdfs/designersobligations.pdf
WA Safe Design of Buildings and Structures Code of Practice 2008 http://www.docep.wa.gov.au/WorkSafe/PDF/Codes_of_Practice/Safe_design.pdf
WA – Safe Design of Buildings and Structures – Guidance for designers http://www.docep.wa.gov.au/WorkSafe/PDF/National_Standards/Guidance_for_Designers_3_April_2008.pdf
WA – Safe Design of Buildings and Structures – Guidance for clients http://www.docep.wa.gov.au/WorkSafe/PDF/National_Standards/Guidance_for_Clients_4_April_2008.pdf
NSW – Safe Design of Buildings and Structures http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/formspublications/publications/Pages/safedesignguide.aspx
ACT – National Standard for Construction Work http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/di/2010-235/
ACT Work Safety Commissioner Guidance Material ACT Safe Design – Safe Structures, Systems and Workplaces September 2009 http://cdn.justice.act.gov.au/resources/uploads/Worksafe/Publications/Handbooks/WSACT_HB_0040_-_Safe_Design-_Safe_Structures_Systems_Workplaces.pdf
http://www.worksafety.act.gov.au/page/view/1249
SA – Guideline – Building Designers and Owners – How the Regulations Affect You http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/regInfo2.pdf
Victoria – Guidance Material – Designer Safer Buildings and Structures http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/wsinternet/worksafe/home/forms+and+publications/publications/import_designing+safer+buildings+and+structures
Safe Work Australia Model Code of Practice for Safe Design of Buildings and Structures http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/Legislation/PublicComment/Documents/Draft%20Model%20Work%20Health%20and%20Safety%20Codes%20of%20Practice%20Public%20Comment/Draft%20Model%20Codes%20of%20Practice%20for%20Public%20Comment/Safe-Design-of-Building-and-Structures.pdf
SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONSULTING ENGINEERS - Guidance for Construction Regulations 2003
Advisory Note of Occupational Health and Safety Act 1993, Construction Regulations 2003 http://www.cesa.co.za/_f1l3z_/advisorynotes/04_2.pdf
Client Information Sheet 3 http://www.saace.co.za/public_downloads/SAACEClientInformationSheet3.pdf
STEEL ERECTION
QLD Steel Construction Code of Practice http://www.deir.qld.gov.au/workplace/resources/pdfs/steel_code.pdf
ACT – Steel Construction Code of Practice http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/di/2010-231/
Victoria – Industry Standard – Safe Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/wsinternet/worksafe/home/forms+and+publications/publications/industry+standard,+safe+erection+of+structural+steel+for+buildings
Australian Steel Institute - Technical Note TN002 Issues with temporary bracing of steel structures http://steel.org.au/media/File/Tech_Note_TN002_v224_Jan_2011.pdf
South African Institute of Steel Construction http://saisc.co.za/saisc/specifying_structures.htm
Institute of Civil Engineers – Health and Safety – Guidance and Legislation Home page for guidance sheets http://www.ice.org.uk/topics/healthandsafety/Policy/Guidance-and-legislation, http://www.ice.org.uk/Information-resources/Document-Library/Health-guidance-for-designers,-steelwork
CIVIL / FOUNDATION / CONCRETE WORK/BRIDGES
Safer foundations by design, HSE Research Report 319 http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr319.htm
QLD Formwork Code of Practice2006 http://www.deir.qld.gov.au/workplace/resources/pdfs/formwork_code2006.pdf
Institute of Civil Engineers – Health and Safety – Guidance and Legislation Home page for guidance sheets http://www.ice.org.uk/topics/healthandsafety/Policy/Guidance-and-legislation, http://www.ice.org.uk/Information-resources/Document-Library/Health-guidance-for-designers,-groundworks, http://www.ice.org.uk/Information-resources/Document-Library/Health-guidance-for-designers,-concrete-and-mortar
Victoria – Industry Code of Practice – Construction and Erection of Bridge Beams http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/wsinternet/worksafe/home/forms+and+publications/publications/import_construction+and+erection+of+bridge+beams
DEMOLITION
The Role of the Structural Engineer in demolition, Ron Clarke, The Structural Engineer 88 (11) 2 June 2010 pages 28-33 http://www.rwclarke.com/PubRole.html
Institute of Civil Engineers – Health and Safety – Guidance and Legislation Home page for guidance sheets http://www.ice.org.uk/topics/healthandsafety/Policy/Guidance-and-legislation, http://www.ice.org.uk/Information-resources/Document-Library/Health-guidance-for-designers,-demolition
GENERAL PRINCIPLES ON DESIGNING FOR SAFETY
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This website is maintained by Mike Toole at Bucknell University in conjunction with the OSHA Alliance Program Construction Roundtable workgroup on designing for construction safety and the NIOSH NORA Construction Sector Council Construction Hazards Prevention through Design workgroup. This website is not associated with the American Society of Civil Engineers or its Construction Institute. Privacy Statement. |